Among the widely used synthetic fibres, polyester is the most important due to its high strength, good elastic recovery, dimensional stability,
abrasion resistance as well as suitability for blending with natural fibres. Polyester fibres can form long molecular chains which are very stable and strong. Polyester is used to manufacturing of apparels, home furnishings and industrial fabrics.
Pretreatment
Being a synthetic fibre, polyester fibres contain certain impurities which come during manufacturing stages. It is essential to remove such impurities in order to make the fibre suitable for subsequent dyeing or printing. A series of preparatory cleaning operations for removal of these impurities is known as pretreatment.
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Dyeing
Disperse dyes are specially designed for dyeing of polyester from an acidic bath. Being insoluble in water, it is necessary to maintain a stabilized fine dispersion of disperse dyes with the help of a suitable dispersing agent. Other necessary auxiliaries required are levelling agent, acid buffers and reduction clearing agents.
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Finishing
Finishing process is carried out to improve the natural properties and attractiveness of the textile substrates. Aesthetic finishing will improve the handle and feel, change the texture of surface, provide aesthetic value, wash care, modify the drape and enhance the durability of textile materials. There are certain specialty functional finishes also which attribute to improve a particular property of textile substrates like flame retardant, anti-microbial or water and oil repellent.
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